Windows and Icons
Visual Representations:
1.objects to be manipulated
2.Actions to be performed
Functions of Windows:
1.Opening
2.Closing
3.Repositioning
4.Resizing
5.Clipping
Windows contains:
1.Sliders
2.Menus
3.Buttons
General Windows systems
1.X windows
2.neWS
Icons for objects -applications icons
Icons for functions-control or command icons
Design Considerations
Accomodating multiple skill levels
In-experienced users-Reduced level of interaction
experienced users-Interactions with speed, using function keys and more shortcuts
Consistence
Ex:
1.Always placing main menu in centre
2.Same colors
Minimizing Memorization
Easy to understand and remember
Different kinds of information can he separated into different windows
Backup and Error Handling
ways:
undo option
command
Prompting the user ex: prompting when deleting items from recycle bin
Error Handling
Anticipating certain actions that could lead to an error
ex: not allowing us to select the paste operation if nothing is in the clipboard
Feedback
continual interactive dialogue so that we are informed of actions in progreis at each step
ex: highlighting selected text
If processing cannot be completed within a few seconds, several feedback messages might be displayed to keep us informed of the progress of the system
ex:
error symbol
Echo feedback-ex: dailpad
Logical Classification of Input Devices
Used by PHlGS and GKS:
1.Locator-Specifying Co-ordinate postion
2.Stoke-specifying a series of coordinate positions
3.String-for specifying text inpu
4.Valuator- for specifying scalar value:
5.Choice- for selecting nwnu options
6.Pick-selecting picture components
1. Locator-Done by positioning the screen cursor
Devices-mouse, joystick, trackball, spaceball, thumbwheels, dials, a digitizer stylus or hand cursor, or some other cursor-positioning device
Keyboard used to position but it cannot position relative co-ordinates..so other devices like ligh pen, joysticks used
2. Stoke-The set of input points is often used to display line sections
Same locator devices can be used for stroke
ex: paint brush
3.String
Device used: Keyboard
individual characters are drawn on the screen with a stroke or locator-type device.
4.Valuator Devices
Setting various garphic parameters such as rotation, angle and scale factors
device used: set of control dails
Movements created by Creating pressure..pressure is proportional to values
keyboards, joysticks can be adapted to use as valuator devices
5. Choice Devices
one that enters a selection from a list (menu) of alternatives
device used:set of buttons; a cursor positioning device, such as a mouse, trackball, or keyboard cursor keys; and a touch panel
Button can be programmed to perform some funcitons
Single Purpose Buttons-Keyboards can be used ecx: FN keys
Screen selection Funcitons:cursor
A selection of menu item is done by checking the minimum and maximum co-ordinates
Keyboard input -using abbrevations for each menu items
Voice input-when menu contains less than 20 items
Pick Devices:
to select parts of a scene that are to be transformed or edited in some way
device used: same as menu selection devices
in a selected area (selected using cursor) a single object ex: a rectangle is there then it is selected, if a rectangle and a traingle is there then further checks are necessary
To find Closest line to the cursor position:
1.using formula
2.using pick window-The cursor coordinates are centered on this window and the candidate lines are clipped to the window
3.Using keyboards-type in structure names
To avoid calcuating these formulas:
1.highlighting the selected structure when user selects, like highlihting in microsoft words when particular words are selected continously
2.Using buttons-A second button is used to stop the process when the desired structure is highlighted
first button-initiate a rapid successive highlighting of structures
second button- stop
third button- used to back up more slowly if the desired structure passed before the operator pressed the stop button
Visual Representations:
1.objects to be manipulated
2.Actions to be performed
Functions of Windows:
1.Opening
2.Closing
3.Repositioning
4.Resizing
5.Clipping
Windows contains:
1.Sliders
2.Menus
3.Buttons
General Windows systems
1.X windows
2.neWS
Icons for objects -applications icons
Icons for functions-control or command icons
Design Considerations
Accomodating multiple skill levels
In-experienced users-Reduced level of interaction
experienced users-Interactions with speed, using function keys and more shortcuts
Consistence
Ex:
1.Always placing main menu in centre
2.Same colors
Minimizing Memorization
Easy to understand and remember
Different kinds of information can he separated into different windows
Backup and Error Handling
ways:
undo option
command
Prompting the user ex: prompting when deleting items from recycle bin
Error Handling
Anticipating certain actions that could lead to an error
ex: not allowing us to select the paste operation if nothing is in the clipboard
Feedback
continual interactive dialogue so that we are informed of actions in progreis at each step
ex: highlighting selected text
If processing cannot be completed within a few seconds, several feedback messages might be displayed to keep us informed of the progress of the system
ex:
error symbol
Echo feedback-ex: dailpad
Logical Classification of Input Devices
Used by PHlGS and GKS:
1.Locator-Specifying Co-ordinate postion
2.Stoke-specifying a series of coordinate positions
3.String-for specifying text inpu
4.Valuator- for specifying scalar value:
5.Choice- for selecting nwnu options
6.Pick-selecting picture components
1. Locator-Done by positioning the screen cursor
Devices-mouse, joystick, trackball, spaceball, thumbwheels, dials, a digitizer stylus or hand cursor, or some other cursor-positioning device
Keyboard used to position but it cannot position relative co-ordinates..so other devices like ligh pen, joysticks used
2. Stoke-The set of input points is often used to display line sections
Same locator devices can be used for stroke
ex: paint brush
3.String
Device used: Keyboard
individual characters are drawn on the screen with a stroke or locator-type device.
4.Valuator Devices
Setting various garphic parameters such as rotation, angle and scale factors
device used: set of control dails
Movements created by Creating pressure..pressure is proportional to values
keyboards, joysticks can be adapted to use as valuator devices
5. Choice Devices
one that enters a selection from a list (menu) of alternatives
device used:set of buttons; a cursor positioning device, such as a mouse, trackball, or keyboard cursor keys; and a touch panel
Button can be programmed to perform some funcitons
Single Purpose Buttons-Keyboards can be used ecx: FN keys
Screen selection Funcitons:cursor
A selection of menu item is done by checking the minimum and maximum co-ordinates
Keyboard input -using abbrevations for each menu items
Voice input-when menu contains less than 20 items
Pick Devices:
to select parts of a scene that are to be transformed or edited in some way
device used: same as menu selection devices
in a selected area (selected using cursor) a single object ex: a rectangle is there then it is selected, if a rectangle and a traingle is there then further checks are necessary
To find Closest line to the cursor position:
1.using formula
2.using pick window-The cursor coordinates are centered on this window and the candidate lines are clipped to the window
3.Using keyboards-type in structure names
To avoid calcuating these formulas:
1.highlighting the selected structure when user selects, like highlihting in microsoft words when particular words are selected continously
2.Using buttons-A second button is used to stop the process when the desired structure is highlighted
first button-initiate a rapid successive highlighting of structures
second button- stop
third button- used to back up more slowly if the desired structure passed before the operator pressed the stop button
